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| 作者：不明 来源：www.pccode.net 整理 发布时间：2007-1-24 15:24:23 发布人：wongrs | |
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he communications from the higher layers. TCP / UDP Segment upper layer applications Establish end-to-end operations Send segments from one end host to another end host using checksum Ensure data reliability and uses SPX protocol Multiplexing: refers to the capability of multiple applications to share a transport connection. Note: When datagrams arrive to quickly for a host or gateway they are stored in memory temporarily. If the datagrams are part of a small burst, this buffering solves the problem. If the traffic continues, the host or gateway eventually exhausts its memory and must discard additional datagrams that arrive. Network layer 3 Routing IP, ICMP, BootP, ARP, RARP Routers Logical Addressing and network Addressing To enable path determination, the routing service provide: - Routing table initialization and maintenance - Routing update processes and protocols - Routing domains and address specifications - Route metric assignment and control Test Question: Routing protocols uses network topology information when evaluating network paths. This information can be configured by the network administrator or collected through DYNAMIC processes running in the network. Data Link layer 2 Framing Ethernet II, 802.5 (token ring), 802.3, 802.2 (802.3 with dsap and sap logical link control fields) Media access control: MAC: 48 bits, 3 bytes vendor + 3 bytes serial number WAN: CDP, (Cisco Discovery Protocol) High-level datalink control HDLC (Cisco default for serial links) Synchronous Data Link Control SDLC (uses polling) Link Access Procedure, Balanced LAPB x.25, slip, PPP, isdn, Frame Relay, and Dial on Demand Bridges / Switches Link Layer address SAP and LLC is used to define the upper layers. Provides flow control. The addresses for which the MAC sublayer is responsible. Physical layer 1 Wire… v.24, v.35, x.21, g.703, hssi, etc Repeaters / Hubs 100BaseFX is ethernet over fiber optic 100BaseTX is Ethernet over Category 5 and Type 1 cabling. Hardware addresses are used to get a packet from one local device to another local device. Logical Addressees are used to get a packet end to end through an internetwork. Multicast address is a MAC address used to identify
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