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| 作者：不明 来源：www.pccode.net 整理 发布时间：2007-1-23 10:37:10 发布人：wongrs | |
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he was rejected by his government 52. Management is defined as A. the creator of the Industrial Revolution B. supervising subordinates C. the art of getting things done D. an emerging profession 53. Management came into its own A. in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms B. in Hannibal’s famous trip across the Alps C. in the development of early Christian Church D. in the eighteenth century 54. A problem of management NOT mentioned in this passage is A. the problem of command B. division of labor C. control by authority D. competition E. Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage: By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible(容易受影响的)to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity(遗传；继承). When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the “ant-lion” whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen(腹部)，goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it . It knows no other mode of flight, “or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity”. Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion(堡垒)of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil. Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all )were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent
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