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| 作者：不明 来源：www.pccode.net 整理 发布时间：2007-1-23 10:37:10 发布人：wongrs | |
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ad an unrealistically sunny assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion(欺骗),the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely(愉快地；快活地)unaware of the problem. This was especially true in the areas of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based +often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed(搞得一团糟) all questions in a reasoning test. Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rate themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area. Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said. Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were ,and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points. This might be thought of as the “above-average effect” , the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility. The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety. So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence of the one who shows confidence? Neither, according to Dunning. “you can’t take them at their word. You’ve got to take a look at their performance,” Dunning added. 63. Why do incompetent people rarely know they are inept? A. They are too inept to know what competence is B. They are not skillful at logical reasoning, grammar, and sense of humor. C. They lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. D. They have some ability to over criticize themselves. 64. Which of the following statement is NOT true, according to the passage? A. Students at Cornell University often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed all questions in a reasoning test. B. Gramm
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